quantikine elisa kits  (R&D Systems)

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: Targeting MDK alleviates bone loss via dual regulation of osteogenic differentiation and inflammatory cytokine expression

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101931

Figure Lengend Snippet: iMDK alleviates bone loss via dual regulation of bone formation and inflammatory cytokines. (A) Representative micro-CT images of distal femora (top) with three-dimensional reconstruction of the region of interest (bottom), with the blue indicating higher-density bone and the red indicating lower-density bone. (B – D) Statistical quantification of trabecular bone microstructural parameters (BMD, BV/TV, and Tb.Th). Inter-group comparisons were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. (E) Representative images of trabecular bone area in distal femur sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Scale bar, 200 μm or 50 μm. (F) Quantitative analysis of the trabecular bone area of the distal femur stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Inter-group comparisons were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. (G) Immunohistochemical staining of OCN in distal femurs. Scale bar, 200 μm or 50 μm. (H) Quantitative analysis of OCN-positive area. Inter-group comparisons were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. (I) Western blotting analysis of inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) in mouse bone tissues. (J) Inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) in mouse serum was detected by ELISA. Inter-group comparisons were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; “ns” indicates non-significant differences.

Article Snippet: We purchased the Mouse P1NP (Procollagen 1 N-Terminal Propeptide) ELISA Kit (Cat#e-el-m0233), Mouse IL-6 ELISA Kit (Cat#e-el-m0044), Mouse TNF-α ELISA Kit (Cat#e-el-m3063), and Mouse IL-1β ELISA Kit (Cat#e-el-m0037) from Elabscience (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Micro-CT, Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Western Blot, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: Targeting MDK alleviates bone loss via dual regulation of osteogenic differentiation and inflammatory cytokine expression

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101931

Figure Lengend Snippet: Recombinant MDK protein triggers the activation of inflammatory cytokines through the NF-κB signaling pathway. (A, B) IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β expression levels were detected using Western blotting. MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with recombinant MDK protein (600 ng/mL). Osteogenic differentiation was induced for 7 days. Inter-group comparisons were analyzed by a two-tailed unpaired Student's t -test (for normally distributed data with equal variance). (C, D) Western blotting analysis of NF-κB signaling pathway molecules in MC3T3-E1 cells treated with recombinant MDK protein for 7 days during osteoblastic differentiation. Inter-group comparisons were analyzed by two-tailed unpaired Student's t -test (for normally distributed data with equal variance). (E, F) IL-6 and IL-1β expression levels were detected using Western blotting. MC3T3-E1 cells were pretreated with 10 μM BAY 11–7082. Osteogenic differentiation was induced for 7 days. Inter-group comparisons were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. ∗ p < 0.05 and ∗∗ p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: We purchased the Mouse P1NP (Procollagen 1 N-Terminal Propeptide) ELISA Kit (Cat#e-el-m0233), Mouse IL-6 ELISA Kit (Cat#e-el-m0044), Mouse TNF-α ELISA Kit (Cat#e-el-m3063), and Mouse IL-1β ELISA Kit (Cat#e-el-m0037) from Elabscience (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Recombinant, Activation Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: Targeting MDK alleviates bone loss via dual regulation of osteogenic differentiation and inflammatory cytokine expression

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101931

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic representation of MDK alleviating bone loss. MDK is significantly elevated in the serum of postmenopausal osteoporotic women and ovariectomized mice. Due to estrogen deficiency, iMDK alleviates bone loss by promoting bone formation and inhibiting inflammatory factors. Recombinant MDK protein inhibits osteogenic differentiation through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and up-regulates inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β via the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Article Snippet: We purchased the Mouse P1NP (Procollagen 1 N-Terminal Propeptide) ELISA Kit (Cat#e-el-m0233), Mouse IL-6 ELISA Kit (Cat#e-el-m0044), Mouse TNF-α ELISA Kit (Cat#e-el-m3063), and Mouse IL-1β ELISA Kit (Cat#e-el-m0037) from Elabscience (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Recombinant

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Bioengineered extracellular vesicles escape lysosomal degradation and deliver Tet-PKM2 for macrophage immunometabolic reprogramming and periodontitis treatment

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunomodulatory effects of the bioengineered LEVs Tet−PKM2 @TA in terms of their ability to modulate macrophage polarization in vitro . The macrophages were treated with 100 ng/mL LPS for 24 h and then treated with PBS (Control), 100 μg/mL LEVs PKM2 , LEVs Tet−PKM2 , or LEVs Tet−PKM2 @TA for another 24 h. ( A ) The relative mRNA expression levels of M1 polarization-related genes ( IL-6 and IL-1β ) and M2 polarization-related genes ( IL-4 and Arg-1 ) in the Control, LEVs PKM2 , LEVs Tet−PKM2 , and LEVs Tet−PKM2 @TA groups (qRT‒PCR) ( n = 3). ( B ) Concentrations of M1-related cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and M2-related cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in the supernatants of the Control, LEVs PKM2 , LEVs Tet−PKM2 , and LEVs Tet−PKM2 @TA groups (ELISA) ( n = 3). ( C ) Representative immunofluorescence images and quantification of the expression levels of M1-related proteins (iNOS and CCR7) and M2-related proteins (CD163, CD206, and Arg-1) in the Control, LEVs PKM2 , LEVs Tet−PKM2 , and LEVs Tet−PKM2 @TA groups ( n = 3). The data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA ( A , B , and C ). ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 indicate significant differences between the indicated columns.

Article Snippet: Kits were sourced as follows: TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10 from Fankew (Shanghai Kexing Trading Co., Ltd., China) and IL-6 from Proteintech.

Techniques: In Vitro, Control, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunofluorescence

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Dietary capsaicin attenuates type 2 diabetes via gut microbiota and bile acid metabolic pathways

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115298

Figure Lengend Snippet: RNA-seq comparison of gene expression profiles of the ileum and validation of pancreatic inflammation genes in mice (A) Genewise clustering heatmap of all 603 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) according to gene expression patterns, showing segregation into three clusters ( n = 3). (B–D) Cluster 1 ( n = 198) includes genes with reduced expression in the T2D + SD group. Cluster 2 ( n = 360) includes genes with expression upregulated in the T2D + SD group. Cluster 3 ( n = 44) includes genes with expression downregulated in the T2D + SD group. (E–G) The top 20 biological processes of the three clusters. The red arrows indicate the GO terms related to immunity, while the red dots mark the GO terms related to the inflammatory response. (H–J) Serum inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ) content in mice. (K–M) Relative expression of immune-related genes in mice islet cells. Data are presented as mean ± SEM ( n = 4). ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, and ns, no significance.

Article Snippet: Mouse IL-6 ELISA Kit , CUSABIO , Cat# CSB-E04639m.

Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Comparison, Gene Expression, Biomarker Discovery, Expressing

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Identification and validation of key PANoptosis-related genes via integrative machine learning and single-cell sequencing in AILI

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115183

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pdk1 knockdown exacerbates AILI by promoting PANoptosis in vivo Mice were assigned to four groups: control, sh- NC , APAP, and sh- Pdk1 + APAP. (A) Schematic illustration of the experimental design. (B) Western blot analysis confirming efficient knockdown of PDK1 protein in liver tissues. (C) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of liver sections and quantification of hepatic necrotic areas. Scale bars, 100 μm; n = 5. (D–E) Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. (F) Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. (G) Western blot analysis and quantification of PANoptosis marker proteins in liver tissues. (H–K) Representative immunofluorescence staining of liver sections showing albumin (ALB, green) and PANoptosis marker proteins (ZBP1, p -MLKL, cleaved caspase-1, and cleaved caspase-3; red). Scale bars, 20 μm; n = 5. Data are presented as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test and a two-tailed Student’s t test were used for statistical analysis. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Mouse IL-6 ELISA Kit , Proteintech , Cat No. KE10007.

Techniques: Knockdown, In Vivo, Control, Western Blot, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Marker, Immunofluorescence, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Immediate tumor killing and long-term anti-tumor immunoreaction induced by Bufalin-loaded phototherapeutic Janus membrane in CRC postoperative therapy

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102824

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo study in anti-tumor immune response by analysizing the maturation, activation and infiltration of immune-related cells, as well as the level of immune-related cytokines. (A) The maturation of DCs in lymph nodes of mice; (B) The activation of CD4 + /CD8 + T cells in spleens in of mice; (C) The activation of NK cells from spleens of mice. (D–G) The quantitative analysis of flow cytometry, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001. (H) Immunofluorescence photos of CD4 + and CD8 + T cell infiltrating tumor tissues of mice, bar: 100 μm. (I–K) The quantitative analysis of immune-related cytokines: IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ, ∗ p < 0.5, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001 and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The IFN-γ and TNF-α detection kit was purchased from Biodragon Biotechnology (Beijing), the IL-6 detection kit was obtained from BOSTER Biotechnology (Wuhan).

Techniques: In Vivo, Activation Assay, Flow Cytometry, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Immediate tumor killing and long-term anti-tumor immunoreaction induced by Bufalin-loaded phototherapeutic Janus membrane in CRC postoperative therapy

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102824

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo anti-tumor immune mechanisim analysis of BU-CDs CA-HA -loaded Janus membrane under NIR: (A–I) Flow cytometry and quantitative analysis of DCs, CD4 + /CD8 + T cells, NK cells and MDSCs, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; (J) Immunofluorescent staining of CD4 + /CD8 + T cells in tumor tissues to illustrate the enhanced tumor-specific identification and infiltration of T cells, bar: 50 μm; (K–L) Elisa test of proinflammatory cytokin (IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ) to assess the inflammatory activity, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The IFN-γ and TNF-α detection kit was purchased from Biodragon Biotechnology (Beijing), the IL-6 detection kit was obtained from BOSTER Biotechnology (Wuhan).

Techniques: In Vivo, Membrane, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Activity Assay